Personality psychology Essay

In this essay I result aim to launch an beneathstanding of Jungs Personality Types by describing and evaluating his possibility and show how they might be useful in succoring me to determine therapeutic designs. I willing as well look at some of the reproach levelled at Jungs theory,I look at this allows the therapist,ie myself to better understand the positive from the negative. I am also of the belief that detailing Jungs early years and background play am important role in the overall evaluation. I have particular interest in when Jung met Freud and how this meeting of minds shaped or perchance agitated their various(prenominal) conclusions.I will cover this later in my essay. Carl Gustav Jung was born July 26, 1875, in the small Swiss village of Kessewil. His father was Paul Jung, a country parson, and his m separate was Emilie Preiswerk Jung. He was surrounded by a fairly well educated extended family, including quite a few clergymen and some eccentrics as well. By the age of just six years old Jung started to learn Latin which started an interest in lecture and literature, especially ancient literature. Jung read several ancient languages including Sanskrit the original Holy Hindu language book.Jung was a far-flung y come to the foreh whilst growing up who did not enjoy his schooling years and was not competitive. Jungs later education was in Basel, Switzerland where he attended boarding school where he found himself the nub of jealous pestering. Carl Jung began to use sickness as an excuse, developing an embarrassing tendency to faint under pressure. Carl Jungs first career choice was archaeology Jung went on to study medicine at the University of Basel. Whilst working under the well-knget neurologist Krafft-Ebing, he established himself on psychiatry as his career.After graduating, he took a place at the Burghoeltzli Mental Hospital in Zurich under Eugene Bleuler, an expert on schizophrenia. In 1903, Jung married Emma Rauschenbach. He a lso taught classes at the University of Zurich, had a private practice, and invented word association at this sequence. (internet search) In 1907 Jung met Freud. Freud would be seduced by the esteem and some peerlessality of Jung and would soon see in him the spiritual son that could guarantee the natural selection of psychoanalysis. The unwillingness of Jung towards the Freudian Theory referred to the role of sexuality in the psychic development.In fact Jung on no occasion completely embraced the sexual theory of Freud. From 1912 onwards Jung found himself more and more distant from Freuds writings. By abandoning the winding and indirect of Psycho-sexuality, Jung would launch himself in the fields of spirituality and science which was mute by only an initiated few. Jungs inner world became something for him to study and develop his theories on and during this time Jung evolved the goal of his psychology of individuation, which is the achievement of the self and other orchestra te marks, such as the archetypes, the collective unconscious.Jungs theory stresses the importance of instinct our personal unconsciousness (events, feeling, conduct patterns that we have buried in our subconscious from our cause direct past) and the collective unconscious (patterns, lines, traits, behaviours that all humans have no matter what background or culture have running through our lives). Whereas Freud believed the unconscious was hold in by the human mind. Jung in the other hand believed the unconscious mind was where the conscious mind had its origins and where our psyche begins or is created from. Balance was the key for Jung, which he believed the balancing of the twosides is what drives us humans towards or away from goals. The foundation of the mind that consisted of the EGO (who we hypothesise we are) the SHADOW (the part of us that we deny or do not acknowledge) was developed by Jung. He continued to believe our mind was constantly developing or moving towards our true self (individuation) and this expedition was fuelled by natural laws, the principles of opposites, that e genuinely aspect of our mind has an opposite force.The principle of equivalence that equal amounts of efficiency are given to both sides, and the principle of entropy, that everything natural winds down as energy isevenly distributed, finally with the debate side blending together creating a harmony. Jung believed that our minds voyage followed a iterate in the rites of passage for birth, marriage and death, mirrored throughout all cultures and packs.Jung believed that this drive to move towards a accede if harmony or individuation, was fundamentally important to us all. Jung spent a good deal of time and energy on the importance of dreams and getting to understand what their meanings meant to each individual. Jung believed that by catch the imageries within our dreams wewould avail a better knowledge of ourselves. He indicated that dreams should not be interpr eted too accurately, but considered for decision personal meanings in the imaginary or symbolism. Jung also recognised and identified two opposites of character1. introversion 2. EXTROVERSION Introversion when psychic energy is turned inwards towards our inner world. These people tend to be thoughtful people with reserved natures, preferring their own company and evading large groups, they whitethorn be cautious and uncertain, disliking change or new things, they may seemdefensive and they like privacy and personal space and drop a lot of time in contemplation. Extreme forms of introversion have similar qualities to autism and some forms of schizophrenia.extraversion is when the movement of energy is turned outwards towards the outside world. An extroverted person would show interest in the outside world, they will be objective and frank with helpful and easy-going personalities, they like action and people nearly them, extreme versions of extroverts would be hopeless alone and not able to bear silence or solitude, bespeaking uninterrupted excitement and externalinspiration to prevent boredom or unhappiness. Jung also identified four distinct functions (attitudes) of the mindTHINKING when a person connects to the world via reason and intelligence. These types will have thinking searching minds, always questioning. They will be good at judging things able to see the origin and results, and will reach logical decisions. They may be open and appear cool and detached emotionally, and will be good at adjusting to new situations. FEELING when a person makes worth decisions about the world base on how they feel about something, putting ideas, points, and issues inorder based on how they assess them and not on emotional feelings.Feeling people have a sturdy sense of traditional value and human connection is signifi bunst to them as they tend to be warm and creative. SENSATION when a person relies sensory impressions perceptions. These people rely on senso ry impressions, how certain things appear, feel and sound. They tend to be mentally and emotionally stable people, taking things at face value, they potentiometer be seen as dull and wearisome which often be easy going and fun, with a calm nature.INTUITION when the world is understood or interpreted in a particularway mainly through the unconscious when people come up to of having a hunch, gut feeling or instinct about something, this type of person is conscious of changes. Possibilities can appear distracted or ungrounded they will get bored of uninterested or boring elaborate which are often not practical.They can be creative and inspirational. Jung believed that a person is essentially an invaginate or an extrovert and this remains equally fixed, however, an individual will rely mainly on surgical process using one of these four modalities but that opposing function also had an impression on their relationships and behaviour and thesefunctions may adjust throughout life.e combined two attributes and the four functions to eight different psychological types. Jung understood that most people are a blend of two or more types, and that understanding how your own temper type and that of people around you related to the world would offer a deeper understanding of yourself. For example obstetrical delivery you closer to individuation. Jung trusts that we understand and recognised the strengths and weaknesses of our mind that we would improve and achieve balance.The functions and attitudes are also not fixed with one side of the pairleading, the other fetchs unconscious. Jung believed that the unconscious part then finds a way of expressing its hidden self. A persons conscious orientation will be towards one of the four functions the leading or principle function this will decide how you respond to experiences.1. The dominant or principle function this will determine how you react to experiences. 2. Auxiliary functions mainly conscious. 3. The opposit e auxiliary suppressed and partially unconscious. 4. Remaining generally unconscious Jung believed when the conscious function was solid there was a trendfor the opposing function to break through into the conscious occasionally in the form of hysteria, phobias and obsessions.He believed in order to achieve balance one must work with the repressed function in therapy which in this case has echoed Freuds theory on repressed feelings and emotions surfacing unconsciously. These combinations of psychological types, Jung formulated into eight types, combine the two attitudes with the four functions Extroverted and Introverted 1.Thinking Type, 2. Feeling Type, 3. Sensation Type, 4. Intuitive Type The higher up generalisation was Jungs way of providing a organise in orderto begin and to understand individuals behaviours and feelings. Although these types are still current they form the basis of personality or psychometric exam (Myers-Briggs) which is still in use today.I believe the s ignificance of this information is that it is an opening point from which to get wind and explore our own or clients mind using a structure. Jung maintains that psychological types are mostly unlearned and not acquired through lifes experiences. I concur with this belief, However, Jung recognised that personality types were influenced as a child advances through life by factors such as fosters and the amount ofinfluence each parent has over a child, and social factors such as school, peer groups surroundings.Jung also believed problems (mental ill health) arose when external influences force children into a pattern that goes against the natural energy flow of a persons mind or psychological type. As with Freud, most of the theories of early pioneers are quite impossible to prove or foot race due to no scientific way of measuring them. Also the amount of patients used was in very small numbers and little practical work was done. Jungs work has given foundations to many sophisti catedpsychologies including theories to develop and explore further and deeper, including words that have been accepted by the modern language. For example * caput * Extrovert * Introvert.* Archetype These are parallels with other great psychologies Freud, as I already mentioned and discussed, and the work of Hans Eysenck a more modern theorist. Eysenck was the first psychologist to make this trait or temperament business into something more numeric he gave long lists of adjectives to hundreds of thousands of people and used a special statistics called factor analysis to figure out what factors trait dimensionscarry the most weight. He took results of this work and created a test called the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) instead of fashioning these traits either-or, like Jung did, he saw them as dimensions. His first trait dimension was, like Jung, extraversion-introversion.But preferably than say you were one or the other (an I or an E), he provided you a score on ext raversion-introversion. Eysenck based his theories on Galen, an ancient Greek theory which was created around two thousand BC. It is one of the oldest personality theories around. Eysenck added on the two basic dimensions oftemperament (like Jung) and these were based on four types (unscientifically based on the types of fluids he believed were washing around the individuals body) a sanguine type, cheerful, optimistic and easy to be with, choleric, quick, hot tempered and aggressive.A phlegmatic type temperament, slow people who had a tendency to be sad, depressed and have a negative view of the world. Much simpler and much less sophisticated than Jungs theory Eysenck expands this into three dimensions of personality 1. Introversion extroversion 2. Neuroticism emotional 3. Stability and psychoticismWith five further subdivisions 1. extroversion 2. agreeableness 3. conscientiousness 4. neuroticism 5. openness The theme of four (opposing) forces repeats throughout cultures and acro ss time, North, South, East and West, Earth, Fire, Wind and Air.In religion(used my own as my example ) we see recurrences of types, for example The Father The Son The Holy Ghost or the pure Mother The Crone Archetypal images we can recognise and begin to understand. These theories have a degree of objectivity, whilst they may give different labels to the personality types there does seem to be agreement thatyou begin to understand individuals if you can assess basic similar categories or repeating personality traits.Like Jungs theory, and the teachings in the parole (parables) perhaps these theories have value as a way of forming a framework for us to train question, and discovering more of ourselves. CONCLUSION Jung believed each personality type or psyche was influenced by another, it is logical to contract that in all human relationships, mainly within an analyst/patient relationship, the analyst may incite the patient so a subjective conclusion or true individuation may no t beachievable.I feel it is important to recognise as Jung did that these types are not fixed and that a persons personality or psyche changes throughout life and that energy flows and fluctuates between the opposing sides of our psyche so we understand that a person does not fit neatly into one of the boxes. Jung created this structure or framework to help work towards understanding of our own psyches and how better to relate to the world and people around us. Understanding how a person or patient feels, reacts and relates is obviously the first step to the first base to help them.Being able to plan a patients healing journey will be more effectively tailored to them if we have a good understanding of why they think or feel the way they do and help them to understand this too. Jung believed that in order to heal, people need to learn to listen to messages from the unconscious mind, to follow their own path and think independently, and that in order to become a competent analyst yo u must first understand yourself in order to efficiently help a client and to determine therapeutic goals,This is an ongoing journey of self discovery which this course is bringing outin me.BIBLIOGRAPHY Chrysalis Diploma in psychotherapeutic counselling year two Module deuce-ace Carl Jung Resources, 2014 http//www. carl-jung. net/ What Freud really said David Stafford-Clark WWW. Philosophy. lander. edu (Internet research) Wikipedia (Internet) Carl Jung Dr. C. George Boeree http//worldtracker. org/media/library/Psychology/Boere Hans Eysenck Dr. C. George Boeree http//worldtracker. org/media/library/Psychology/Boere Introducing Jung a graphic guide Maggie Hyde & Michael McGuinness Personality Types Jungs Model of Typology Darl Sharp.